【石墨介绍】
石墨（graphite）是一种结晶形碳。六方晶系，为铁墨色至深灰色。密度2.25克/厘米3，硬度1.5，溶点3652℃，沸点4827℃。质软，有滑腻感，可导电。化学性质不活泼，耐腐蚀，与酸、碱等不易反应。磷片结晶石墨，片薄韧性好、物理化学性能优异、具有良好的耐温性、自润滑性。传导性、抗热震性、耐腐蚀性等性能。鳞片石墨经过深加工又可出石墨乳，石墨密封材料与复合材料，石墨球制品，石墨减磨添加剂等高科技产品，成为各个工业部门的重要非金属矿物原料。
Graphite (graphite) is a kind of crystalline carbon. The six party system, as the iron ink to deep gray. The density of 2.25 g / cm 3, hardness 1.5, melting point of 3652 DEG C, the boiling point of 4827 DEG C. Soft, soapy, conductive. Chemically inactive, corrosion resistance, acid and alkali, etc. easy reaction. Flake crystalline graphite sheet, good toughness, excellent physical and chemical properties, good temperature resistance, self lubrication, conductivity, thermal shock resistance, corrosion resistance and other properties. After the deep processing and flake graphite can be graphite, graphite sealing material and composite material, graphite products. Graphite antifriction additive Technology Products to become an important non-metallic mineral raw materials in various industrial sectors.
【石墨特征】
1、石墨在常温下单质碳的化学性质比较稳定，不溶于水、稀酸、稀碱和有机溶剂；高温下与氧反应燃烧，生成二氧化碳或一氧化碳；在卤素中只有氟能与单质碳直接反应；在加热下，单质碳较易被酸氧化；在高温下，碳还能与许多金属反应，生成金属碳化物。碳具有还原性，在高温下可以冶炼金属。此外，近年的研究发现，石墨可以被氯磺酸溶解，形成单层石墨烯的氯磺酸“溶液”。
2、石墨质软，黑灰色；有油腻感，可污染纸张。硬度为1～2，沿垂直方向随杂质的增加其硬度可增至3～5。比重为1．9～2．3。比表面积范围集中在1-20m2/g，在隔绝氧气条件下，其熔点在3000℃以上，是最耐温的矿物之一。它能导电、导热。
3、石墨自然界中没有纯净的石墨，其中往往含有SiO2、Al2O3、FeO、CaO、P2O5、CuO等杂质。这些杂质常以石英、黄铁矿、碳酸盐等矿物形式出现。此外，还有水、沥青、CO2、H2、CH4、N2等气体部分。因此对石墨的分析，除测定固定碳含量外，还必须同时测定挥发分和灰分的含量。
1, the chemical properties of graphite carbon elemental at room temperature is relatively stable, insoluble in water, dilute acid, dilute alkali and organic solvent; high temperature combustion reaction with oxygen, carbon dioxide or carbon monoxide; only in halogen fluorine can react directly with elemental carbon; under heating, elemental carbon easily by acid oxidation; at high temperature, but also with many metal carbon reaction, formation of metal carbides. Carbon is reductive, can be smelt metal at high temperature. In addition, recent studies found that graphite can be dissolved chlorosulfonic acid, chlorosulfonic acid "solution" to form graphene.
2, graphite is soft, black and gray; greasy feeling, can pollute paper. The hardness is 1 ~ 2, along the vertical direction with the impurities increase the hardness can be increased to 3 ~ 5 the proportion is 1.9 ~ 2.3. surface area in the range 1-20m2/g. The oxygen condition, the melting point of 3000 DEG C, is one of the most high temperature mineral. It can be conductive and heat conduction.
3, there is no pure graphite in nature, which often contain SiO2, Al2O3, FeO, CaO, P2O5, CuO and other impurities. The impurities in quartz, pyrite, carbonate and other minerals appear form. In addition, there are water, asphalt, CO2, H2, CH4, N2 and other gases. So analysis of the graphite part in addition, the determination of carbon content, the content must also be simultaneous determination of volatile matter and ash content.
【石墨用途】
1、作耐火材料：石墨及其制品具有耐高温、高强度的性质，在冶金工业中主要用来制造石墨坩埚，在炼钢中常用石墨作钢锭之保护剂，冶金炉的内衬。
2、作导电材料：在电气工业上用作制造电极、电刷、碳棒、碳管、水银正流器的正极，石墨垫圈、电话零件，电视机显像管的涂层等。
3、作耐磨润滑材料：石墨在机械工业中常作为润滑剂。润滑油往往不能在高速、高温、高压的条件下使用，而石墨耐磨材料可以在200~2000℃温度中在很高的滑动速度下，不用润滑油工作。许多输送腐蚀介质的设备，广泛采用石墨材料制成活塞杯，密封圈和轴承，它们运转时勿需加入润滑油。石墨乳也是许多金属加工(拔丝、拉管)时的良好的润滑剂。
4、石墨具有良好的化学稳定性。经过特殊加工的石墨，具有耐腐蚀、导热性好，渗透率低等特点，就大量用于制作热交换器，反应槽、凝缩器、燃烧塔、吸收塔、冷却器、加热器、过滤器、泵设备。广泛应用于石油化工、湿法冶金、酸碱生产、合成纤维、造纸等工业部门，可节省大量的金属材料。
不透性石墨的品种因所含树脂不同，耐蚀性也有差异。如酚醛树脂浸渍者耐酸，但不耐碱；糠醇树脂浸渍者既耐酸，又耐碱。不同品种的耐热性也有差异：碳和石墨在还原性气氛中可耐2000~3000℃，在氧化气氛中分别在350℃和400℃开始氧化；不透性石墨品种随浸渍剂而异，一般由酚醛或糠醇浸渍者耐热在180℃以下。
5、作铸造、翻砂、压模及高温冶金材料：由于石墨的热膨胀系数小，而且能耐急冷急热的变化，可作为玻璃器的铸模，使用石墨后黑色金属得到铸件尺寸精确，表面光洁成品率高，不经加工或稍作加工就可使用，因而节省了大量金属。生产硬质合金等粉末冶金工艺，通常用石墨材料制成压模和烧结用的瓷舟。单晶硅的晶体生长坩埚，区域精炼容器，支架夹具，感应加热器等都是用高纯石墨加工而成的。此外石墨还可作真空冶炼的石墨隔热板和底座，高温电阻炉炉管，棒、板、格棚等元件。
6、用于原子能工业和国防工业：石墨具有良好的中子减速剂用于原子反应堆中，铀一石墨反应堆是应用较多的一种原子反应堆。作为动力用的原子能反应堆中的减速材料应当具有高熔点，稳定，耐腐蚀的性能，石墨完全可以满足上述要求。作为原子反应堆用的石墨纯度要求很高，杂质含量不应超过几十个PPM。特别是其中硼含量应少于0.5PPM。在国防工业中还用石墨制造固体燃料火箭的喷嘴，导弹的鼻锥，宇宙航行设备的零件，隔热材料和防射线材料。
7、石墨还能防止锅炉结垢，有关单位试验表明，在水中加入一定量的石墨粉(每吨水大约用4~5克)能防止锅炉表面结垢。此外石墨涂在金属烟囱、屋顶、桥梁、管道上可以防腐防锈。
8、石墨可作铅笔芯、颜料、抛光剂。石墨经过特殊加工以后，可以制作各种特殊材料用于有关工业部门。
1, for refractory material: graphite and its products with high temperature properties, high strength, in the metallurgical industry is mainly used to manufacture steel commonly used in graphite crucible, graphite as the protective agent of steel ingot, metallurgical furnace lining.
2, as a conductive material: used for manufacturing the electrode in electrical industrial brushes, carbon, carbon nanotubes, anode, mercury is converter graphite gasket, telephone parts, TV tube coating.
3, as wear-resistant lubricating material: graphite is often used as a lubricant in the machinery industry. The lubricating oil are often not in the high-speed, high temperature, high pressure conditions, while the graphite wear-resistant materials can be at the temperature of 200~2000 DEG C in high sliding speed, no lubricating oil. Many corrosive medium conveying equipment, widely used in graphite material of piston cup, the sealing ring and the bearing, they operate without adding lubricating oil. Graphite is many metal processing (drawing, drawing) the good lubricant.
4, graphite has good chemical stability. After special processing of graphite, corrosion resistant, good thermal conductivity, low permeability, is widely used in the manufacturing of the heat exchanger, the reaction tank, condenser, combustion tower, absorption tower, cooler, heater, filter, pump equipment. Widely used in petroleum chemical industry, metallurgy the pH, production, synthetic fiber, paper and other industrial sectors, can save a lot of metal material.
The impermeable graphite containing resin due to different varieties, the corrosion resistance was also different. Such as phenolic resin impregnated are acid, but not alkali resistant; furfuryl alcohol resin impregnated both acid and alkali resistance and heat resistance. Different varieties are different: carbon and graphite in a reducing atmosphere to 2000~3000 DEG C, in oxidizing atmosphere were the beginning of oxidation in 350 degrees and 400 degrees; impermeable graphite varieties with impregnating agent, usually by heat were impregnated with phenolic or furfuryl alcohol below 180 degrees centigrade.
5, for casting, foundry, molding and high-temperature metallurgical material: Graphite due to thermal expansion coefficient is small, and the capability of cold and hot change, can be used as a mold of the glass, the use of graphite after black metal castings get precise size, smooth surface, high rate of finished products, can be used without processing or a processing. So we can save a lot of metal powder metallurgy process. The production of hard alloy, usually by graphite material molding and sintering of the boat. The silicon crystal growth crucible, zone refining vessel, support fixture, induction heaters are used in high pure graphite processing. Besides graphite can be made of vacuum smelting graphite heat insulation plate and the base, High temperature resistance furnace tube, rod, plate, lattice shed and other components.
6, energy industry and national defense industry for atomic: graphite has good neutron moderator used in nuclear reactors, uranium graphite reactor is a nuclear reactor used. As the driving force in the atomic reactor in deceleration material should have high melting point, stable performance, corrosion resistance, graphite can meet the above requirements as the atomic reactor with graphite. The purity requirements of high impurity content should not exceed PPM. Especially the dozens of boron content should be less than 0.5PPM. In the defense industry with nozzle graphite manufacturing solid fuel rocket, missile nose cone, space navigation equipment parts, heat insulation material Material and anti - ray material.
7, graphite can prevent boiler scale, that the relevant units in the test, graphite powder, adding a certain amount of water (about 4~5 grams per ton of water) to prevent the boiler scaling on the surface of graphite. In addition to a metal chimney, roof, bridge, pipeline can rust.
8, graphite can be used as a pencil core, pigment, polishing agent, graphite after special processing, can make a variety of special materials for the relevant industrial sector.
【联系方式】
厂 名：巩义市千家信耐材有限公司
厂 址：巩义市陇海路185号
销售经理：李梦怡
联系电话：
网 址：https://shop.1688.com/
Contact us
Gongyi city factory name: thousands of letters refractory material co., LTD
Factory address: gongyi city longhai road 185
Sales manager: Li Mengyi
Contact phone number:
Web site: https://shop.1688.com/
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【联系方式】
厂 名：巩义市千家信耐材有限公司
厂 址：巩义市陇海路185号
销售经理：李梦怡
联系电话：
网 址：https://shop.1688.com/